SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    15087, 15056, 15050, 15049, 15048, 15047, 
    11134, 2816, 2815, 13609, 13514, 2214, 
    15387, 2451, 2453, 2162, 12741, 11785, 
    15298, 2806, 2805, 2710, 2709, 2712, 
    2711, 4211, 4353, 11891, 11835, 2253
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00028

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 30,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 12 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (15087,15056,15050,15049,15048,15047,11134,2816,2815,13609,13514,2214,15387,2451,2453,2162,12741,11785,15298,2806,2805,2710,2709,2712,2711,4211,4353,11891,11835,2253)"
    }
  }
}