SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    4861, 3897, 3712, 3904, 3913, 4862, 4369, 
    4371, 4272
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00014

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 9,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 12 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (4861,3897,3712,3904,3913,4862,4369,4371,4272)"
    }
  }
}