SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    2822, 2244, 2245, 2808, 2351, 2352, 2342, 
    2270, 2843, 2225, 2323, 2266, 13822, 
    2813, 2814, 13821, 4378, 2550, 2551, 
    13142, 15143, 15144, 12684, 14457, 
    2176, 2171, 2169, 2168, 2167, 2165
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00052

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
      "key": "pt",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 40,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (2822,2244,2245,2808,2351,2352,2342,2270,2843,2225,2323,2266,13822,2813,2814,13821,4378,2550,2551,13142,15143,15144,12684,14457,2176,2171,2169,2168,2167,2165)"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "eq_ref",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
      "ref": ["ymonline_livedata.cscart_products_categories.category_id"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
    }
  }
}