SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    12693, 11795, 2629, 11122, 2633, 2655, 
    11124, 2653, 2654, 11123, 2219, 2572, 
    2614, 2613, 15131, 2786, 2789, 2790, 
    11133, 11809, 2787, 2784, 2791, 2785
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00038

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 12 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (12693,11795,2629,11122,2633,2655,11124,2653,2654,11123,2219,2572,2614,2613,15131,2786,2789,2790,11133,11809,2787,2784,2791,2785)"
    }
  }
}