SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    4193, 4194, 4195, 4199, 4200, 4201, 4202, 
    4367, 4020, 4021, 4022, 4023, 3934, 
    3932, 3970, 4024, 4014, 4065, 4113, 
    4086, 4089, 4092, 4093, 4097, 4018, 
    4028, 3929, 4052, 4010, 3955
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00026

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 30,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 12 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (4193,4194,4195,4199,4200,4201,4202,4367,4020,4021,4022,4023,3934,3932,3970,4024,4014,4065,4113,4086,4089,4092,4093,4097,4018,4028,3929,4052,4010,3955)"
    }
  }
}