SELECT 
  product_id, 
  amount 
FROM 
  cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    4070, 4154, 4144, 4152, 4153, 4029, 4026, 
    3999, 4003, 4005, 4155, 4156, 4157, 
    4158, 4159, 4160, 4114, 4112, 4204, 
    4208, 4209, 4210, 4110, 4111, 4130, 
    4132, 4133, 4134, 3977, 4055
  ) 
  AND destination_id = 12 
  AND storefront_id = 0

Query time 0.00031

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "idx_storefront_id"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "9",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "destination_id", "storefront_id"],
      "rows": 30,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.destination_id = 12 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.storefront_id = 0 and cscart_warehouses_destination_products_amount.product_id in (4070,4154,4144,4152,4153,4029,4026,3999,4003,4005,4155,4156,4157,4158,4159,4160,4114,4112,4204,4208,4209,4210,4110,4111,4130,4132,4133,4134,3977,4055)"
    }
  }
}